===== Chronic Disease Management & Epidemiology =====

[[start|« Back to Physical Health Overview]]

**The "Asthma Gap": Why Boys Suffer More Than Girls**
  * American Lung Association, Epidemiology Brief / 2025: [[https://www.lung.org/research/trends-in-lung-disease/asthma-trends-brief/current-demographics|Current Asthma Rates: 7.6% in Boys vs. 5.7% in Girls]]
  * Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Longitudinal Study / 2024: [[https://www.jacionline.org/|The "Puberty Switch": How Testosterone Protects Lungs in Adulthood]]

**Type 2 Diabetes: The New Pediatric Epidemic**
  * Frontiers in Endocrinology, Global Burden Study / 2025: [[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1626225/full|The Surge of T2D in Boys Aged 15-19: A Global Crisis]]
  * American Diabetes Association (ADA), Clinical Guidelines / 2024: [[https://diabetes.org/health-wellness/pediatric-type-2|Screening Guidelines for Boys with BMI >85th Percentile]]

**Congenital Conditions: The "18-Month Rule" for Fertility**
  * American Urological Association (AUA), 2025 Guidelines: [[https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/cryptorchidism-guideline|Evaluation and Treatment of Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testicle)]]
  * Frontiers in Pediatrics, Review / 2024: [[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics|Acquired Cryptorchidism: Why Testicles Can "Re-Ascend" in School-Age Boys]]

**Autoimmune Trends: The Environmental Connection**
  * Mayo Clinic, Research Report / 2025: [[https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/new-study-calculates-autoimmune-disease-prevalence-in-u-s/|Rising Autoimmune Rates: Type 1 Diabetes Prevalence in Boys]]
  * Environmental Health Perspectives, Study / 2024: [[https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/|Endocrine Disruptors and Male-Specific Autoimmune Triggers]]